(Nautiluses are the only members of the cephalopod family, which also includes squid and cuttlefish, known to breed repeatedly.) The main markets for the animals – the US, Europe, Japan and China – are areas where people are already well-fed. Welfare Husbandry. At a glance, therefore, these tasty tentacle bearers seem ripe for aquaculture. “There are ethical concerns over octopus farming,” said Rosas-Vázquez. At present, these farms are still at the development stage, said Peter Godfrey-Smith of Sydney University, a contributor to the paper. Is farming them ethical? According to researchers, there … The researchers say that farming octopuses would require the catching of vast amounts of fish and shellfish to feed them, putting further pressure on the planet’s already threatened marine livestock. Octopus maya, the species he works with, is one of several that skip the paralarval stage and hatch as fully formed mini-octopuses. “Octopus factory farming is ethically and ecologically unjustified.” Farming octopuses is a really bad idea. “Maravilloso!” he murmurs. Despite this, around the world, the demand for delicacies made with octopus is on the rise. SubscribePrivacy Policy(UPDATED)Terms of ServiceCookie PolicyPolicies & ProceduresContact InformationWhere to WatchConsent ManagementCookie Settings. Octopuses are delicacies and do not deserve to be the focus of intensive farming. “I know those who would never eat them but have no qualms about eating pigs, and there's abundant evidence that pigs are highly intelligent.”, Pigs, however, aren’t as graceful, mysterious, and charismatic as octopuses. Octopus larvae don’t like farms. Animal-rights proponents and some scientists argue that octopus farming is a cruel and immoral practice. FULL TEXT The full text of this article is available. Inky, a common New Zealand octopus, is believed to have climbed out of his tank, fallen to the floor, and slid across the aquarium floor to a drainpipe. The intelligence of our eight-armed friends is well-documented: Octopuses have expressed a range of complex, human-like behaviors, from cunning to problem-solving to what appears to be gratitude —qualities that aren’t exactly nurtured in larger-scale farming environments. Some have been shown to use tools, for example. by Samantha Andrews 28 June 2019, at 10:02am With demand rising globally, octopus farming is developing apace – but, mindful of both the animals’ welfare and concerns around sustainability, should we be scaling it up at all? Some aspects of the octopus life cycle make them attractive aquaculture candidates. Inky, a common New Zealand octopus, is believed to have climbed out of his tank, fallen to the floor, and slid across the aquarium floor to a drainpipe. The ethical objections are simple – octopuses are intelligent and mysterious creatures and not enough is known about them to ensure they live a good life in captivity. But the global catch—420,000 metric tons a year, the FAO reports—goes largely to affluent consumers in South Korea, Japan, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and, lately, the United States. But the ethical aspect remains. Fisheries Wildlife. Aside from the ethical qualms, the environmental impact of octopus farming also worries the scientists. Researchers want to pioneer octopus farming; but is it ethical to farm sentient, intelligent creatures? Contacted in January, Nisui would say only, “Unfortunately we are still in research and development stage.”. Some researchers, however, are pointing to environmental and ethical reasons why octopus farming might not be as simple as it seems. Fish farms now produce million tons of fish each year around the globe. “We’re fine with that.”, In 2017 the Japanese fishing giant Nisui announced that it had “closed the life cycle”—raising successive cultured generations, which frees aquaculture from dependence on wild captures—and anticipated commercial production in 2020. Most wild octopus fisheries are still more artisanal than industrial, using small boats and traditional techniques. During the recent World Octopus Day, an article looked at how octopus farming could become a reality and detailed a study about the ethical concerns surrounding commercial farming. Not good, a new contingent of critics contends: Octopus aquaculture will further deplete marine ecosystems and needlessly torment these most sensitive and intelligent of invertebrates. The common octopus, O. vulgaris, is found around the world. A group of scientists are arguing against the development of octopus farming. Why is it unethical? But the case for octopus farming is weak, according to Jacquet and her co-authors. By Daniel T Cross on May 15, 2019. But the case for octopus farming is weak, according to Jacquet and her co-authors. Conroy, a biologist who turned to aquaculture to escape the research-funding rat race, admits that such close encounters don’t encourage more consumption. I doubt that there is any other animal on Earth the farming of which would so closely resemble the cultivation of extraterrestrial life.Reflections on a big(ger) picture: In what ways does accelerated aquaculture only continue to generate the problems which have led to the scarcity… But a concerned team of international researchers write that farming these cephalopods at industrial scales will dramatically intensify the environmental impact of aquaculture–and put us in ethical hot water, too. An Italian lab has even invented an octobot that can explore underwater crannies. Octopuses are considered to be one of the smartest creatures in the ocean—and people love them. “It's not that I would be opposed to being in dialogue,” Jacquet says, “but I don't want to be too persuaded by the personalities of individuals in the industry.” So their debate continues at second hand, even as the orders for tako sashimi and pulpo a la gallega roll in. Demand and prices have surged in recent years, even as catches have fallen in traditional octopus meccas such as Spain and Japan and as warming, acidifying seas threaten further declines. Farming octopus is counterproductive from a perspective of environmental sustainability and misguided from a perspective of humane food production. However, research and testing may make it possible to farm octopus at an industrial scale. The main markets for the animals – the US, Europe, Japan and China – are areas where people are already well-fed. A mouse-sized octopus with tentacles like knotted threads, ghostly pale save for big, black eyes, wriggles across his palm and twines around his fingers. “They can't reproduce that.”, Rosas concedes the importance of humane conditions and enrichment (such as conch shells for them to hide in) and says his lab tries to provide those. Aquaculture advocates say that farming octopuses is the only way to ensure sustainability while satisfying demand. Tur, who like Conroy turned to aquaculture because research funding was scarce, believes studying octopuses will yield big dividends in antibiotics (from their protective mucous coating), neuron and tissue regeneration, and robotics. Some researchers, however, are pointing to environmental and ethical reasons why octopus farming might not be as simple as it seems. They point to the stress and monotony of confinement; the “high mortality rates and increased aggression, parasitic infection [and] digestive tract issues” associated with intensive farming; the wasteful “feeding fish with fish” that humans could eat themselves, depleting the seas. Pulpo a la gallega may be the national dish of Spain's Galicia region, but Galicia imports 20 times as much octopus as it catches. That’s to entirely miss how product development works. Now, with careful feeding and “ideal conditions,” Tur says, “we save the life of the female, which has never been documented before.” This summer they plan to try re-breeding one resuscitated female, herself captive-bred. For feeding, the keepers pack shrimp paste and fish-waste meal into hundreds of small clam shells, which mimic wild prey and reduce food waste. The mollusks are highly intelligent creatures that need environments that are dynamic and stimulating in nature. “Once octopuses have solved a problem, they retain long-term memory of the solution,” the researchers state in a paper in Issues in Science and Technology. Octopuses are delicacies and do not deserve to be the focus of intensive farming. The group, led by Professor Jennifer Jacquet of New York University, argues that octopuses are highly intelligent, curious creatures. And, like other carnivorous aquaculture, octopus farming would increase, not alleviate, pressure on wild aquatic animals,” they argue. These conscientious lab assistants, who have formed a small cooperative, remove newly laid eggs, kill and butcher the mothers, and raise the new generations for study and harvest. Octopuses, they argue, are “particularly ill-suited to a life in captivity and mass-production, for reasons both ethical and ecological.” Confinement is especially cruel for animals with such “sophisticated nervous systems and large brains” that are capable of mimicry, play, sophisticated navigation and hunting strategies, and what Jacquet calls “meaningful lives.” Aquaculture boosters “don't take into account how rich the intertidal zone is,” referring to the profusely varied habitat where common octopus species forage. These efforts have foundered, however, because octopus larvae eat only live food – which has made feeding them difficult and expensive. Now they’re becoming an ethical flashpoint, as researchers like Rosas puzzle out ways to make commercial octopus farming feasible and, they claim, relieve growing pressure on wild populations. They argued that octopuses should never be farmed due to ethical and environmental reasons. Octopus farming is ‘unethical and a threat to the food chain’ Mass-breeding of the highly intelligent creatures is ecologically unjustified, a new study says. Getting to grips with octopus farming’s ethical issues. The biggest problem has been keeping young octopuses (known as larvae) alive, in part because so little is known about their nutritional needs. For some, octopus farming also raises ethical concerns. Around the world, octopuses have long been objects of desire and wonder. Their product commands a premium price, about £8 a pound; they can sell the tender undersize octopuses that chefs favour but fishing rules protect, and supply octopus during the six months when fishing is forbidden. Inky was an octopus living at a New Zealand aquarium who reportedly made his dash for freedom when the lid of his enclosure was left slightly ajar one night. He then dropped 164 feet through the drainpipe to freedom in the sea. Impressed at the results, their husbands and sons have begun joining the co-op. Fisheries Wildlife. So far they haven't spoken directly with each other. The world wants to eat more octopus. “But there is also little awareness of the cultivation systems and those who cultivate octopus. Sheep were probably the first animals domesticated by hu- mans for food, starting at least 9,000 years ago. Well, the proponents of animal rights and even some scientists argue that the practice of artificial octopus farming is immoral and cruel. Keeping young animals in water whose salinity and temperature are carefully controlled has also proved tricky. During the recent World Octopus Day, an article looked at how octopus farming could become a reality and detailed a study about the ethical concerns surrounding commercial farming. Across the Atlantic, Carlos Rosas has an easier time with the octopus life cycle. Elephants are falling into trenches on Indian tea plantations, Elephants, glass frogs and mako sharks... vital updates from the world's most important wildlife conservation event, Bats are being killed so people can drink their blood, Hunters target endangered pangolins in India, How one man is working to save one of the world's most poisonous animals. It pays the bills by charging visitors to see, touch, and feed the grown animals. Both highly intelligent and a culinary delicacy, the animals are at the center of a controversy that pits the conservation of wild octopuses against the ethics of mass-breeding them. Kanaloa is now working on growing zooplankton to make a feed that will sustain the paralarvae. “We'll join a project with the Cephalopod Laboratory in Naples to determine how best to kill them humanely.”. Earlier this year, Godfrey-Smith and colleagues urged governments, companies and universities to stop investing in octopus farming, calling it unsustainable, unethical, and unnecessary. But many octopus fisheries are reported to be in decline, and fish farmers have turned to rearing of octopuses to try to replace these dwindling catches. The situation is similar for mammals with 60% of them worldwide being livestock, mostly cattle and pigs. ), That debate caught fire last year when Jennifer Jacquet, a professor of environmental studies at New York University, and several co-authors posted an essay, “The Case Against Aquaculture,” that quickly went viral. In a damp, darkened shoreside laboratory near the Yucatán hamlet of Sisal, Carlos Rosas Vázquez lifts one of the scores of small conch shells littering a black plastic tank. His response has been to enlist local women—wives of octopus fishermen—to clean and maintain his lab's dozens of tanks in exchange for all the marketable octopus produced. Ethical and Ecological Concerns: Although at first thought aquaculture may se em like a viable solution to the growing consumer demand for octopus, farming octopus through aquaculture actually has an overwhelming amount of ethical and ecological concerns. She will then be two years old, about twice the average O. vulgaris lifespan. It is unsustainable. In “The Case Against Octopus Farming,” Jennifer Jacquet and her co-authors—Becca Franks, of New York University, animal activist Walter Sanchez-Suarez, and Australian science philosopher Peter Godfrey-Smith—cite the general ills of industrial husbandry and aquaculture. There are many reasons to be worried by the prospect of octopus farming growing to an industrial scale. We currently farm 550 aquatic species for food around the world, and octopus is about to become the newest addition to that list. Octopus farming would produce high levels of nitrogen and phosphorous pollution from uneaten feed and feces, which contributes to oxygen depletion. But a concerned team of international researchers write that farming these cephalopods at industrial scales will dramatically intensify the environmental impact of aquaculture--and put us in ethical hot water, too. Octopus factory farming is ethically and ecologically unjustified.”. The operation is artisanal. It predicts a fully-farmed, market-ready octopus by 2020. In one experiment, scientists observed octopuses building shelters from pieces of coconut shell. This young Atlantic common octopus was photographed at Pescanova Biomarine Centre, the research and development lab of Pescanova, a Spain-based multinational seafood company developing octopus aquaculture. “Aquaculture is kind of plan B,” he says. And as the global demand for octopus is growing, more farmers are looking to capitalize on this growing trend. Research has shown that octopus have considerable cognitive and behavioral complexity, making farming—in which they are placed in enclosed environments—acutely incompatible with their make-up. “But there is also little awareness of the cultivation systems and those who cultivate octopus. He coaxes its wary occupant out onto his hand. Now they’re becoming an ethical flashpoint, as researchers like Rosas puzzle out ways to make commercial octopus farming feasible and, they claim, relieve growing pressure on wild populations. I would much rather that they survived to do their own thing in the sea. I don't eat cephalopods, but I do eat meat. But octopuses are also a culinary delicacy. There are approximately 300 species of octopuses, more than 100 of which are captured in the wild. This young Mexican four-eyed octopus, O. maya, is from biologist Carlos Rosas Vázquez's co-op in Sisal, Mexico. Furthermore, Tur says, “we have eliminated the competition and cannibalism” that are octopus hallmarks, and have identified a previously unreported fourth stage in the common octopus’s life cycle—transparent alevin, a transitional stage between paralarvae and fully formed juveniles. Also read about the growing trend for pet octopuses. “The data is for us, the octopuses for you!” Rosas says, joking with two co-op members. He claims a two-to-one conversion ratio. Samantha Andrews. For some, octopus farming also raises ethical concerns. Peter Godfrey-Smith of Sydney University, a contributor to the paper, said, “That means campaigners and activists don’t have products or outlets to target. “The sea is getting crowded—more fishermen, less octopus.” Morocco and Mauritania, two main producers, have limited catches to protect stocks. “That's not sustainable, that's less unsustainable,” replies Jacquet, adding that even if researchers “reduce other ecological impacts, farming octopus would still be unethical.” It is after all a luxury product, unneeded for food security; banning octoculture would “mean only that affluent consumers will pay more for increasingly scarce, wild octopus.”, That, Conroy says, is why octopus should be farmed: to relieve wild stocks. Octopuses are delicacies and do not deserve to be the focus of intensive farming. The fledgling octopus farming sector should be shut down for both ethical and ecological reasons, according to a number of eminent academics. Respect all animals, … Among the million tonnes of molluscs, octopus farming is an emerging issue. The situation is similar for mammals with 60% of them worldwide being livestock, mostly cattle and pigs. There have also been advances in controlling the environments in which octopuses will be raised. Getting to grips with octopus farming’s ethical issues. United Kingdom. By Daniel T Cross on May 15, 2019. As global de- mand for octopus grows, especially in affluent markets, so have efforts to farm them. (Also read about the growing trend for pet octopuses. Rosas and Tur invoke other justifications for farming octopuses: community development and basic research. In 2019, a handful of scientists started to raise questions about the ethical and ecological issues that might come from farming these remarkably intelligent animals. We currently farm 550 aquatic species for food around the world, and octopus is about to become the newest addition to that list. But the case for octopus farming is weak, according to Jacquet and her co-authors. But it failed at raising paralarvae and reverted to ranching—growing wild-caught octopuses to market size in aquatic pens, a system also used in Spain. Spain is leading the charge to farm species like the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, employing a variety of experimental aquaculture practices while the Spanish Institute of Oceanography carries out and publishes major research on octopus farming. A group of scientists are arguing against the development of octopus farming. “We are all living during the rapid domestication of aquatic species and research is almost entirely around the question of which aquatic animals we can farm, rather than which animals we should farm,” said Jennifer Jaquet , lead author on a recent study … That’s to entirely miss how product development works. Farming them intensively would probably cause large numbers of deaths from stress. About 350,000 tonnes are caught every year and served in restaurants from Spain to Chile and from Mexico to Australia. Work into refining the viability of octopus farming continues apace. First Octopus Farms Get Growing. Speaking up about these concerns before octopus farming becomes a reality was part of the point, says Jennifer Jacquet, an interdisciplinary scientist at New York University. EXTERNAL STUDY This is a summary of an external study. The main markets for the animals – the US, Europe, Japan and China – are areas where people are already well-fed. London : Researchers have said that plans to create octopus farms in coastal waters around the world are ethically inexcusable and environmentally dangerous and called on … But when universities and research institutions consider supporting these projects – and that is beginning to happen now – it will make sense to object. Consider these facts: farmed poultry accounts for 70% of all birds on the planet. Big brains, complex behaviour, and precocious curiosity have made these improbable molluscs mediagenic poster creatures for animal rights and welfare—and the subject of an emerging battle over the ethics and potential environmental impacts of raising them for food. Octopus farming is ‘unethical and a threat to the food chain’ Mass-breeding of the highly intelligent creatures is ecologically unjustified, a new study says … The case against this practice is centred on both ethical and environmental considerations. Kanaloa Octopus's Jake Conroy has had less success with fishery waste but contemplates using invasive fish such as pink groupers as feed. The case against this practice is centred on both ethical and environmental considerations. But octopuses have largely escaped this … Getting to grips with octopus farming’s ethical issues. Farmed octopus, some argue, could alleviate pressures on wild populations, which are single-handedly meeting market demands. Octoculture advocates and opponents do agree on one thing: the remarkable capacities of these marvelous molluscs. There are about 300 species of octopus and many behave in surprisingly sophisticated ways. Why should research money be used to support a project that will inevitably have so many welfare and environmental problems once it is scaled up?”, Mass-breeding of the highly intelligent creatures is ecologically unjustified, a new study says. Not good, a new contingent of critics contends: Octopus aquaculture will further deplete marine ecosystems and needlessly torment these most sensitive and intelligent of invertebrates. Consider these facts: farmed poultry accounts for 70% of all birds on the planet. From our point of view, farming any kind of animal is an act of cruelty. Rosas and Tur (both avowed octophiles whose offices teem with octopus toys) use scraps and discards from local fish processors for octopus feed. But he faces another challenge: shoestring budgets, typical of Mexican research. Animal agriculture is both cruel to individual animals and environmentally unsustainable. Speaking up about these concerns before octopus farming becomes a reality was part of the point, says Jennifer Jacquet, an interdisciplinary scientist at New York University. As a result, several companies have said they will soon be ready to sell farmed octopuses. They say the move is ethically inexcusable and environmentally dangerous, and have called on private companies, academic institutions and governments to block funding for these ventures. But that life cycle presents one big hurdle: sustaining delicate planktonic octopus hatchlings, called paralarvae, until they can begin this rocketing growth. Is farming them ethical? He then dropped 164 feet through the drainpipe to freedom in the sea. The ethical objections are simple – octopuses are intelligent and mysterious creatures and not enough is known about them to ensure they live a good life in captivity. In 2019, a handful of scientists started to raise questions about the ethical and ecological issues that might come from farming these remarkably intelligent animals. Thankfully, eating animals of any kind is unnecessary to human health, so no level of octopus farming is necessary. Feeding octopuses adequately during their first two months of life is a challenge. “I hardly go out to fish anymore,” Yucatán fisherman Antonio Cob Reyes told me. Octopus farming is an emerging issue. As the popularity of eating octopus has grown, efforts to farm them commercially are raising questions about their welfare in captivity. Even Rosas, a biologist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico who's worked for years to turn creatures like this into a profitable commodity, delights in its prehensile grace. The world wants to eat more octopus. “Today, I go to the sea and I get 10 or 20 kilograms of octopus,” one fisherman in nearby Portugal told a newspaper, “when in other years it was more than a hundred kilos [220 pounds].” He and his comrades urged a temporary fishery closure to help stocks recover. Rosas and the Yucatán government hope this experiment will seed more octopus farms, providing jobs for struggling communities and a buffer as warming reduces wild catches. It argues that the grim “ethical and environmental consequences” of industrial meat production “should lead us to ask whether we want to repeat mistakes already made with terrestrial animals with aquatic animals, especially octopus.”. Scientists believe that octopuses are not suited to a life in captivity and mass-production, for reasons both ethical and ecological. Some scientists speculate that global octopus populations are booming, but specific wild populations in spots around … Among the million tonnes of molluscs, octopus farming is an emerging issue. Octopus Farming & Ethics. A group of scientists argue against ongoing efforts to farm octopuses, highlighting ethical and ecological issues in making their case. As we’ve stated before, decades of scientific evidence have demonstrated that humans have no biological need to consume flesh or other animal products. Commercial-scale octopus aquaculture could save wild populations—but is not only extremely difficult, but raises major ethical concerns. Wild-caught males and females would be allowed to mate, and their fertile eggs would be grown in containers into adults to be sold to markets round the globe. Joined May 30, 2000 Messages 10,414. Add to MyAgriExpo favorites. Aquaculturists have learned that the young of some octopus species are less fussy about the food they eat and have used these species as basic stock for breeding. We believe that octopuses are particularly ill-suited to a life in captivity and mass-pro- duction, for reasons both ethical and ecological. Scientists question the ethics, sustainability of planned octopus farms "Mass producing octopus would repeat many of the same mistakes we made on land," environmental scientist Jennifer Jacquet said. It “could also be the perfect stage to isolate stem cells” in order to understand, and perhaps mimic, octopuses’ ability to regenerate lost limbs. Octopuses are delicacies and do not deserve to be the focus of intensive farming. Octopuses are curious creatures who can suffer from stress. However, several recent articles have focused on the ethical implications of creating an industry exploiting intelligent, potentially conscious species such as octopus. “Such efforts are occurring despite the fact that octopus farming has the same environmental consequences as other types of carnivorous aquaculture. The intelligence of our eight-armed friends is well-documented: Octopuses have expressed a range of complex, human-like behaviors, from cunning to problem-solving to what appears to be gratitude—qualities that aren’t exactly nurtured in larger-scale farming environments. But the case for octopus farming is weak, according to Jacquet and her co-authors. “Nine times out of ten we wind up convincing people not to eat octopus,” he says. Thousands of fishermen in Mexico's Yucatán and Campeche states lure their prey by dangling crabs from long bamboo poles. Octopus factory farming is ethically and ecologically unjustified,” Jacquet told the Guardian's Sunday supplement, Observer. With demand rising globally, octopus farming is developing apace – but, mindful of both the animals’ welfare and concerns around sustainability, should we be scaling it up at all? Like salmon, they're short-lived and fast-growing; most common species live one to two years, a few jumbo varieties three to five. “We can see no reason why, in the 21st century, a sophisticated, complex animal should become the source of mass-produced food,” Jacquet told the Observer. Octopuses at a fish market in Tokyo, Japan. In an essay last year, researchers including Jennifer Jacquet, assistant professor of environmental studies at New York University, and Australian philosopher Peter Godfrey-Smith decried its ethical and environmental perils. 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